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The consequence of this arrangement is that a year may consist of either 353, 354, 355, 383, 384, or 385 days. |
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| | | | Deficient | | | | Regular | | | | Excessive | | |
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One intention of this arrangement is that each month should begin close to the Molad (time of the new moon). Using the accepted value of the lunation, it is possible, by successive subtractions, to determine an epoch for the Jewish calendar, which is Anno Mundi 1 Tishri 1, at 204 halakim after hour five. This time is the theoretical starting point for Molad calculations. All succeeding Moladoth are calculated from this point. |
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Every month must begin on a day close to the Molad. In particular, the first day of the year, Rosh Hashanah, the first day of the month of Tishri, must fall on the Molad. The calculation of the Molad Tishri is further complicated, however, by some additional constraints in the Jewish calendar. |
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| Table 9.16 Months in a leap year. | | Month Number | Month Name | Number of Days | | 1 | Tishri | 30 | | 2 | Heshvan | 29, 30 in excessive years | | 3 | Kislev | 30, 29 in deficient years | | 4 | Tevet | 29 | | 5 | Shevat | 30 | | 6 | Adar I | 30, the intercalated month | | 7 | Adar II | 29 | | 8 | Nisan | 30 | | 9 | Iyar | 29 | | 10 | Sivan | 30 | | 11 | Tammuz | 29 | | 12 | Av | 30 | | 13 | Elul | 29 |
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