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1.) A period of five years is one yuga of the Sun and Moon. |
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2.) The yuga is 1,830 savanas (civil days) and 1,860 tithis. |
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3.) In the yuga are 67 lunar months and 60 solar months. In the yuga of five years, two months are omitted. |
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4.) In the yuga, 30 tithis are omitted. |
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5.) In the yuga are 67 nakshatra (sidereal) months, and the moon passes through 1,809 (= 6727) nakshatras. |
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6.) The yuga begins at winter solstice with the Sun and Moon together at Dhanistha (alpha or beta Delphini). |
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The rules state several equivalences, which are: |
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The lunarsolar discrepancy is therefore about 4.685 days in five years. Some correction is obviously required to return the yuga to the day of the winter solstice. S.B. Diksit speculates that this could have been done by dropping three months in 95 years, using a scheme of omitting a month at the end of 30 years, another at the end of 30 years, and another at the end of 35 years. This scheme, of course, is just the Metonic cycle in disguise, leaving 35 months in 95 years or 7 months in 19 years. There is no evidence for this idea. |
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The main objective of this calendar is the prediction of the lengths of the tithi and nakshatra for a given savana (day) in the yuga. The calendar measures the tithi as (61/62 =) 0.983871 days, while the actual length is (29.530588/30 =) 0.984353 days. |
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The calendar measures the length of the nakshatra as (1830/1809 =) 1.011608 days, while the actual length is (27.32166/27 =) 1.011913 days. |
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In the calendar used by the Indians during the Vedanga Jyotisha period, one tithi per day was counted, and a tithi was omitted after 61 days. Likewise, one nakshatra per day was counted, and after 87 days, one nakshatra was repeated every two days. This rule of thumb is an obvious attempt to simplify a complex scheme for every day use. |
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The five years of the yuga were each named: |
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