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The primary figure behind the Persian Solar calendar was Reza Khan, whose control over the Persian Cossack Brigade led to his appointment as War Minister in 1921 and Prime Minister in 1923. After toying with the idea of assuming the presidency, he crowned himself Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1925, founding the Pahlavi dynasty. |
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A bill adopting the new calendar was approved by the parliament on the date 11 Farvardin 1304 A.H.S., which is the date A.D. 1925 March 31 in the Gregorian calendar. The abbreviation A.H.S. is an extension of the abbreviation A.H. (Anno Hegirae, or Year of the Hegira) used by the Islamic calendar, and means Anno Hegirae Solis, to indicate that the year is a solar year and the epoch is the Hegira. Another explanation for this abbreviation is suggested by Taqizadeh (1938, p. 916), who notes that the words ''Hijri shamsi" (solar Hijra) are added to the date to avoid confusion with the lunar calendar. |
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Reza Khan's son, Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi, conducted an immense celebration at Persepolis in October 1971 to commemorate the 2,500th anniversary of the founding of a Persian Empire by Cyrus the Great. This fete, estimated to cost between 100 and 200 million dollars, according to Yergin (p. 564), was advanced notice of further interest in the dynastic legitimacy conveyed by associations with Cyrus. |
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In 1976, according to Parise (p. 151), the Iranian government proceeded to change the epoch of the calendar to 599 B.C., renaming the calendar as the Shahinshah Era. This experiment was discontinued after two years, and in 1978, the Hegira was reinstated as the epoch for the calendar. There is, therefore, technically a two-year gap in the Persian calendar for year 1355 A.H.S. (2535 Sh., A.D. 1976) and 1356 A.H.S. (2536 Sh., A.D. 1977). |
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See SCDTL text on the CD for the discussion of the code. |
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9.9
Baha'i Faith Calendar |
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The Baha'i faith provides a calendar, in addition to a set of ethical standards and religious beliefs. This calendar is unique in several ways. |
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Following the standard used for other calendars, which employ names in languages other than English, the names of months, days of the week, and other units in the Baha'i calendar that have Persian or Arabic names have been given in this section without their orthographic marks. |
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In this first section, the major structural and historical features of the Baha'i calendar are outlined. |
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