التعامل مع JSON

{"menu": {
    "header": "SVG Viewer",
    "items": [
        {"id": "Open"},
        {"id": "OpenNew", "label": "Open New"},
        null,
        {"id": "ZoomIn", "label": "Zoom In"},
        {"id": "ZoomOut", "label": "Zoom Out"},
        {"id": "OriginalView", "label": "Original View"},
        null,
        {"id": "Quality"},
        {"id": "Pause"},
        {"id": "Mute"},
        null,
        {"id": "Find", "label": "Find..."},
        {"id": "FindAgain", "label": "Find Again"},
        {"id": "Copy"},
        {"id": "CopyAgain", "label": "Copy Again"},
        {"id": "CopySVG", "label": "Copy SVG"},
        {"id": "ViewSVG", "label": "View SVG"},
        {"id": "ViewSource", "label": "View Source"},
        {"id": "SaveAs", "label": "Save As"},
        null,
        {"id": "Help"},
        {"id": "About", "label": "About Adobe CVG Viewer..."}
    ]
}}

<menu>
    <header>Adobe SVG Viewer</header>
    <item action="Open" id="Open">Open</item>
    <item action="OpenNew" id="OpenNew">Open New</item>
    <separator/>
    <item action="ZoomIn" id="ZoomIn">Zoom In</item>
    <item action="ZoomOut" id="ZoomOut">Zoom Out</item>
    <item action="OriginalView" id="OriginalView">Original View</item>
    <separator/>
    <item action="Quality" id="Quality">Quality</item>
    <item action="Pause" id="Pause">Pause</item>
    <item action="Mute" id="Mute">Mute</item>
    <separator/>
    <item action="Find" id="Find">Find...</item>
    <item action="FindAgain" id="FindAgain">Find Again</item>
    <item action="Copy" id="Copy">Copy</item>
    <item action="CopyAgain" id="CopyAgain">Copy Again</item>
    <item action="CopySVG" id="CopySVG">Copy SVG</item>
    <item action="ViewSVG" id="ViewSVG">View SVG</item>
    <item action="ViewSource" id="ViewSource">View Source</item>
    <item action="SaveAs" id="SaveAs">Save As</item>
    <separator/>
    <item action="Help" id="Help">Help</item>
    <item action="About" id="About">About Adobe CVG Viewer...</item>
</menu>

object
{}
{ members }
members
pair
pair , members
pair
string : value
array
[]
[ elements ]
elements
value 
value , elements
value
string
number
object
array
true
false
null
string
""
" chars "
chars
char
char chars
char
any-Unicode-character-
    except-"-or-\-or-
    control-character
\"
\\
\/
\b
\f
\n
\r
\t
\u four-hex-digits
number
int
int frac
int exp
int frac exp
int
digit
digit1-9 digits 
- digit
- digit1-9 digits
frac
. digits
exp
e digits
digits
digit
digit digits
e
e
e+
e-
E
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E-

 
json_string="""
{"menu": {
    "header": "SVG Viewer",
    "items": [
        {"id": "Open"},
        {"id": "OpenNew", "label": "Open New"},
        null,
        {"id": "ZoomIn", "label": "Zoom In"},
        {"id": "ZoomOut", "label": "Zoom Out"},
        {"id": "OriginalView", "label": "Original View"},
        null,
        {"id": "Quality"},
        {"id": "Pause"},
        {"id": "Mute"},
        null,
        {"id": "Find", "label": "Find..."},
        {"id": "FindAgain", "label": "Find Again"},
        {"id": "Copy"},
        {"id": "CopyAgain", "label": "Copy Again"},
        {"id": "CopySVG", "label": "Copy SVG"},
        {"id": "ViewSVG", "label": "View SVG"},
        {"id": "ViewSource", "label": "View Source"},
        {"id": "SaveAs", "label": "Save As"},
        null,
        {"id": "Help"},
        {"id": "About", "label": "About Adobe CVG Viewer..."}
    ]
}}
"""

import json

>>> type(obj)<type 'dict'>

>>> obj['menu']['header']
u'SVG Viewer'
>>> obj['menu']['items']
[{u'id': u'Open'}, {u'id': u'OpenNew', u'label': u'Open New'}, None, {u'id': u'ZoomIn', u'label': u'Zoom In'}, {u'id': u'ZoomOut', u'label': u'Zoom Out'}, {u'id': u'OriginalView', u'label': u'Original View'}, None, {u'id': u'Quality'}, {u'id': u'Pause'}, {u'id': u'Mute'}, None, {u'id': u'Find', u'label': u'Find...'}, {u'id': u'FindAgain', u'label': u'Find Again'}, {u'id': u'Copy'}, {u'id': u'CopyAgain', u'label': u'Copy Again'}, {u'id': u'CopySVG', u'label': u'Copy SVG'}, {u'id': u'ViewSVG', u'label': u'View SVG'}, {u'id': u'ViewSource', u'label': u'View Source'}, {u'id': u'SaveAs', u'label': u'Save As'}, None, {u'id': u'Help'}, {u'id': u'About', u'label': u'About Adobe CVG Viewer...'}]
 
>>> obj['menu']['header']='SVG VIEWER 2'
>>> obj['menu']['header']
'SVG VIEWER 2'

>>> json.dumps(obj)
'{"menu": {"header": "SVG VIEWER 2", "items": [{"id": "Open"}, {"id": "OpenNew", "label": "Open New"}, null, {"id": "ZoomIn", "label": "Zoom In"}, {"id": "ZoomOut", "label": "Zoom Out"}, {"id": "OriginalView", "label": "Original View"}, null, {"id": "Quality"}, {"id": "Pause"}, {"id": "Mute"}, null, {"id": "Find", "label": "Find..."}, {"id": "FindAgain", "label": "Find Again"}, {"id": "Copy"}, {"id": "CopyAgain", "label": "Copy Again"}, {"id": "CopySVG", "label": "Copy SVG"}, {"id": "ViewSVG", "label": "View SVG"}, {"id": "ViewSource", "label": "View Source"}, {"id": "SaveAs", "label": "Save As"}, null, {"id": "Help"}, {"id": "About", "label": "About Adobe CVG Viewer..."}]}}'