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Cipher tutorial

What is a cipher?

Cipher is a general term and means a combination of symbols representing an encoded version of something legible. The meaning to which this text refers can be broken down into two actions:

Encipher: To convert to a code or cipher from plain text; encode.

Decipher: To convert from a code or cipher to plain text; decode.

It is important to understand the concept of ciphertext does not originate from the computer industry and has deep historical roots in many cultures. The fact that ciphertext can be enciphered and deciphered by hand relatively easy makes it extremely useful.

Two types of ciphers

There are generally two types of ciphers, substitution and transposition. A substitution cipher is a cipher in which each character in the plaintext is substituted for a another character in the ciphertext, for example:

plaintext letters - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

substitution key - Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N M L K J I H G F E D C B A

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